Advanced SEO - Dynamic Page Optimization

Dynamic page optimization:

As Internet user base started to grow, website owners started to make web site more and more attractive and user friendly. The most important thing to keep in mind is each webpage is not a separate file but is created when a user performs some activity.

Lets see what exactly dynamic site is! Unlike the normal HTML website where The content of static pages doesn't change unless you actually code the changes into your HTML file: open the file, edit the content, save the file, and upload it to the server. All search engine spiders can index static Web pages. Dynamic web page is a template that displays specific information in response to queries. The database is connected to the web site and the response is generated through the connected database only. These sites are easy to update for webmaster. Since it is directly connected to database, the change in database reflects all the pages. It is much simpler than normal HTML pages, where you need to change the desired content in each and every page.

For the marketer, the creation of new pages or updates to existing pages is done by either making adjustments to information in the database or, when it comes to the site’s visual presentation, may mean adjustments to one or a few template pages. Of course one has to make web site like that only, but problem started when these beautiful, content rich sites failed to rank higher in search engines.

But the problem lies in its advantage itself. As studied earlier, dynamic page executes on query. Users send queries through search engines or they are already be coded into a link on the page. But a search engine spider doesn't know to use your search function - or what questions to ask. Dynamic scripts often need certain information before they can return the page content: cookie data, session id, or a query string are common requirements. Spiders usually stop indexing a dynamic site because they can't answer the question.

Search engines only believe in content and not flashy elements in your web site. Search engine crawlers are programmed in such a way that they can read the text only. Crawlers strictly ignore all the flashy elements such as pictures, frames, video etc, read it as an empty space and move on. Some search engines may not even be able to locate the dynamic page very easily. But if we make web sites SE friendly only and not user friendly then most likely you end up losing out visitor. This then presents a big problem for marketers who have done very well with their rankings in search engines using static pages but who wish to switch to a dynamic site.

This is why SEOs came up with the advanced SEO techniques to optimize dynamic pages. Here are few methods that you can use to optimize dynamic pages.

Methods to make search engine spider Dynamic Pages:

1. Use of softwares – There are various softwares available in the market, which will remove the "?" in the Query String and replace it with "/", thereby allowing the search engine spiders to index the dynamic content.

Example -
http://www.my-online-store.com/books.asp?id=1190 will change to
http://www.my-online-store.com/books/1190.

The latter being a static URL, it can easily be indexed by the search engine spiders.

2. Use of CGI/Perl scripts - One of the easiest ways to get your dynamic sites indexed by search engines is using CGI/Perl scripts. Path_Info or Script_Name is a variable in a dynamic application that contains the complete URL address (including the query string information). In order to fix this problem, you'll need to write a script that will pull all the information before the query string and set the rest of the information equal to a variable. You can then use this variable in your URL address.

Example - http://www.my-online-store.com/books.asp?id=1190

When you are using CGI/Perl scripts, the query part of the dynamic URL is assigned a variable.

So, in the above example "?id=1190" is assigned a variable, say "A". The dynamic URL http://www.my-online-store.com/coolpage.asp?id=1190
will change to http://www.my-online-store.com/books/A through CGI/Perl scripts which can easily be indexed by the search engines.

3. Re-configuring your web servers -

(i) Apache Server - Apache has a rewrite module (mod_rewrite) that enables you to turn URLs containing query strings into URLs that search engines can index. This module however, isn't installed with Apache software by default, so you need to check with your web hosting company for installation.

(ii) Cold Fusion - You'll need to reconfigure Cold Fusion on your server so that the "?" in a query string is replaced with a '/' and pass the value to the URL.

4. Creation of a Static Page linked to an array of dynamic Pages -

This approach is very effective, especially if you are the owner of a small online store selling a few products online. Just create a static page linking to all your dynamic pages. Optimize this static page for search engine rankings. Include a link title for all the product categories, place appropriate "alt" tag for the product images along with product description containing highly popular keywords relevant to your business (You can conduct keyword research for your site through http://www.wordtracker.com ). Submit this static page along with all the dynamic pages in various search engines, conforming to the search engine submission guidelines.

Technical methods of Dynamic Pages of Any site

There are few technical aspects need to be considered for optimizing dynamic websites.

Lets start with .htacess & mod-rewrite. These are the two concepts that you will have to master to understand how to cloak search engine unfriendly urls. Also keep in mind that these two components are implemented on apache server. However for IIS server, we have the equivalents available, as can be seen later in this article.

So starting from the basics

.htaccess File:

An .htaccess file just is a plain text file. It has one directive per line like this:
RewriteEngine on

The "RewriteEngine" portion is the directive and "on" is a parameter that describes what "RewriteEngine" should do

The .htaccess file usually lives it the root directory of a site and allows each site to uniquely configure how Apache delivers its content. Its directives apply to the entire site, but subdirectories can contain their own .htaccess and it applies to this sub and all of its subs and so on, down thru all of your sub sub sub sub subdirectories... You could have a different .htaccess in every subdirectory and make each sub behave a little differently.

Mod_rewrite:

Mod-rewrite is a redirect directive to the requesting object on a apache server. Its typical format looks like

Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^url1\.html html$ url2.html [R=301,L]

Lets look at this a little more closely. The first directive instructs Apache to follow symbolic links within the site. Symbolic links are "abbreviated nicknames" for things within the site and are usually disabled by default. Since mod_rewrite relies on them, we must turn them on.

The "RewriteEngine on" directive does exactly what it says. Mod_rewrite is normally disabled by default and this directive enables the processing of subsequent mod_rewrite directive.

In this example, we have a caret at the beginning of the pattern, and a dollar sign at the end. These are regex(regular expressions in *nix) special characters called anchors. The caret tells regex to begin looking for a match with the character that immediately follows it, in this case a "u". The dollar sign anchor tells regex that this is the end of the string we want to match.

In this simple examples, "url1\.html" and "^url1\.html$" are interchangeable expressions and match the same string, however, "url1\.html" matches any string containing "url1.html" (aurl1.html for example) anywhere in the URL, but "^url1\.html$" matches only a string which is exactly equal to "url1.html". In a more complex redirect, anchors (and other special regex characters) are often essential.

Once the page is matched it directs it to replace it by the ‘url2.html’

In our example, we also have an "[R=301,L]". These are called flags in mod_rewrite and they're optional parameters. "R=301" instructs Apache to return a 301 status code with the delivered page and, when not included as in [R,L], defaults to 302. Unlike mod_alias, mod_rewrite can return any status code that is specified in the 300-400 range and it REQUIRES the square brackets surrounding the flag, as in this example.

The "L" flag tells Apache that this is the last rule that it needs to process. It's not required in this simple example but, as the rules grow in complexity, it will become very useful.

The Apache docs for mod_rewrite are at http://httpd.apache.org/docs/mod/mod_rewrite.html

& some examples can be found at

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/misc/rewriteguide.html .

Now if we rename or delete url1.html, then request it again. Mod_rewrite can redirect from non-existent URLs (url1.html) to existing ones. This is how essentially we cloak the dynamic pages. The first url can be the dynamic page that we want to be replaced by the the static looking ‘url 2’. This then is how cloaking works on the apache server. Though there are other methods available however this remains the most popular & reliable.

IIS Server Redirects:

As long as one uses one of the mod_rewrite cousins for IIS (iis_rewrite, isapi rewrite), the method will be mostly the same for IIS as it will for Apache. However the place, the rules are inserted will depend on which software is being used (not obviously into httpd.conf or .htacess). But the rule generation pretty much remains the same either way.

The most used framework for this genre is ispai rewrite. For more info on this consult http://www.isapirewrite.com/ . The site has a free download version of their code & a paid version for 69USD

For IIS Rewrite functionality, Qwerksoft remains the most popular alternative(http://www.qwerksoft.com/products/iisrewrite/). Again a basic free downloadable or a 99 USD purchase option exists with them.

However user experience suggests that the ISAPI_Rewrite product outperforms the others due to its ease of configuration and a bunch of other little extras. One of the biggest benefits with ISAPI_Rewrite is that you don't have to restart IIS each time you make a change to the .ini file. In other words once ispai-rewrite is installed, one can have the .ini file within the root folder so that changes can be made, as one goes along if necessary,without a restart.

Also these products support shared hosting. So the hosting provider can be convinced to buy them & install them. Some other products in this category are as under:

http://www.pstruh.cz/help/urlrepl/library.htm ( free ispai)

http://www.motobit.com/help/url-replacer-rewriter/iis-mod-rewrite.asp

Also if you are using .NET platform, this works for free:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/02/08/HTTPFilters/

Dynamic URLs Rewrites :-

Dynamic pages are roadblocks to high search engine positioning. Especially those that end in "?" or "&". In a dynamic site, variables are passed to the URL and the page is generated dynamically, often from information stored in a database as is the case with many e-commerce sites. Normal .html pages are static - they are hard-coded, their information does not change, and there are no "?" or "&" characters in the URL.

URL rewrites are programming techniques that allow the returned URL to be more search engine friendly by removing the question mark (?) and ampersand (&) from the returned URL found in the location or address bar. This enables the search engines to index the page without having variables or session id's interlaced into the URL.

Pages with dynamic URLs are present in several engines, notably Google and AltaVista, even though publicly AltaVista claims their spider does not crawl dynamic URLs. To a spider a "?" represents a sea of endless possibilities - some pages can automatically generate a potentially massive number of URLs, trapping the spider in a virtually infinite loop.

As a general rule, search engines will not properly index documents that:

• contain a "?" or "&"

• End in the following document types: .cfm, .asp, .shtml, .php, .stm, .jsp, .cgi, .pl

• Could potentially generate a large number of URLs.

In these cases, where page should be dynamic it is possible to clean up their query strings. URL rewriting generally clean up ‘?’, ‘&’, ‘+’ symbols in URLs to more user friendly characters. Check out the following URL: http://www.yourdomain.com/shop.php?cat_id=1&item_id=2

This dynamic URL can be converted into: http://www.yourdomain.com/shoppinglist/apparels/shirts

This makes the page look static but in actual it is dynamic. URL rewriting needs some serious strategy and planning. There are few tools available fro URL rewriting. These are rule-based tools and the most famous tools are ‘More Rewrite’ for Apache and ISAPI rewrite for IIS. Mode Rewrite can be used to solve all sorts of URL based problems. It provides all the functions you need to manipulate URLs. But because of its complex rule based matching engine, it’s hard to learn. However once you understand the basic idea you can master all of its features. ISAPI Rewrite is a powerful URL manipulation engine based on regular expressions. It acts mostly like Apache's mod_Rewrite, but it is designed specifically for Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS). ISAPI Rewrite is an ISAPI filter written in pure C/C++ so it is extremely fast. ISAPI Rewrite gives you the freedom to go beyond standard URL schemes and develop your own scheme.

There are two types of URL rewrites. Both are there to make I search engine friendly but the advanced URL rewrites is search engine friendly.

Non-URL Rewrite URL

http://www.yourdomain.com/shop.php?cat_id=1&item_id=2

The above URL indicates to the database that the returned information should be from the category with id equal to 1 and the item id equal to 2. This works fine for the system because it understands the variables. Many search engines however do not understand this form of URL.

Simple URL Rewrite

http://www.yourdomain.com/shop/1/2.html

The simple URL rewrite will take the URL and modify it so that it appears without the question mark (?) and ampersand (&). This enables all search engines to index your all of your pages, but still lacks in some important areas.

Advanced URL Rewrite

http://www.yourdomain.com/oranges/mandarin_oranges.html

The advanced URL rewrite enables your URLs to include your keywords. This is another location search engines look for important information about your pages. Being able to include keywords in your URL helps elevate your page to the top of the search engine result pages.

URLs can be cleaned server-side using a web server extension that implements content negotiation, such as mod_negotiation for Apache or PageXchanger for IIS. However, getting a filter that can do the content negotiation is only half of the job. The underlying URLs present in HTML or other files must have their file extensions removed in order to realize the abstraction and security benefits of content negotiation. Removing the file extensions in source code is easy enough using search and replace in a web editor like Dreamweaver MX or HomeSite. Some tools like w3compiler also are being developed to improve page preparation for negotiation and transmission. One word of assurance: don't jump to the conclusion that your files won't be named page.html anymore. Remember that, on your server, the precious extensions are safe and sound. Content negotiation only means that the extensions disappear from source code, markup, and typed URLs.

To avoid complications, consider creating static pages whenever possible, perhaps using the database to update the pages, not to generate them on the fly.

What is the difference between Cloaking and Doorway Pages?

Cloaking:

As search engine optimization started evolving and search engines became more and more intelligent, webmasters came up with many techniques to rank their sites on search engines. Cloaking is one of those techniques. It is very difficult and time consuming to make a web site both user friendly as well as search engine friendly. So webmasters came up with an idea of Cloaking. In cloaking webmasters delivers one page to search engine for indexing while serving an entirely different page to everyone else. Cloaking is the process of serving different versions of a page based upon identifiable information about the user. Often, pages are based upon Agent name and/or IP address (isp host).

There is no as such clear view that whether cloaking is ethical or unethical. But anyways it is tricking spiders and any attempt to trick a search engine is considered to be spam. Hence cloaking technique is not regularly practiced. A simple way to see if a web page is using a cloaking technique is to look at the cache. Google has a link called Cached next to almost every search result. The cache shows the web page that was indexed by search engine. If a web page that you see in the SERPs differs from cached version, then there’s possibility that the website is using cloaking technique.

As we all know, people wants make web sites user centric. They want their site to be beautiful, attractive and interactive enough to engage visitors. Certainly this enhances user experience. But this does not serve the optimization purpose. So to optimize such a site webmasters use cloaking technique. The few factors are explained bellow, which makes a webmaster to think of cloaking.

Use of flash/splash/ Videos:

HTML days are gone and flash days are in! Many of the sites are build using flash, which is totally no no for search engines. So no plain text and not even flash on the site??? The solution is to create simple HTML text document for search engines and flash pages for visitors. Just recently Google has started to index flash pages but rest of the SEs doesn’t do that.

Websites containing Images:

There are many sites that are full of pictures and images. Also they have image gallery and all. These are image-oriented sites and percentage of images is more than that of text. Obviously there is no way that these sites will rank high on SERP. Hence cloaking comes first in the mind for optimizing these pages.

HTML Coding:

Many of the times there is more HTML code as compared to the text. This is again does not suit for search engine optimization. There has to be substantial amount of text and lesser HTML coding. In this case rather than recoding eth entire websites, they found cloaking as the best option.



Now you know why, it's time to find out how. A cloaking is done by modifying a file called .htaccess. Apache server has a module called "mod_rewrite". With the help of this module in .htaccess file you can apply a cloaking technique for your web pages.

Webmasters gather search engines' IP addresses (231.258.476.13) or User-Agents (Googlebot). If mod_rewrite module detects that an IP address or user-agent belongs to a search engine, it delivers a web page that is especially designed for SEs. If IP doesn't belong to any spider, than it thinks it's a regular visitor and delivers a normal web page.

There are 5 types of cloaking:
User Agent Cloaking (UA Cloaking)
IP Agent Cloaking (IP Cloaking)
IP and User Agent Cloaking (IPUA Cloaking).
Referral based cloaking.
Session based cloaking.

All five have unique applications and purposes, yet all 5 can fit nicely within one program.
User Agent cloaking is good for taking care of specific agents. Wap, Wml pages for the cell phone crowd.

Active X for the IE crowd.
Quality css from the Moz and Opera crowd.
Nice black screen for the web tv'ers.
Specialty content for agents (eg: NoSmartTags, GoogleBot Noarchive)
No sense in sending out stuff with js, java, or flash than a user can't actually run.

IP Address Cloaking is good for taking care of demographic groups. Language file generation for various countries.
Advertising delivery based on geo data.
Pages built for broad band users.
Low impact pages for overseas users.
User-time-of-day determination and custom content based on tod geo data (news, sports weather..etc)
Specifically targeting demo groups such as AOL, Mindspring etal.

IP and Agent cloaking is good for a combo of the above. Custom content for AOL'ers using Wap phones.

Ads based upon geo data and user agent support.
The possibilities for targeting are almost endless. You'll run out of ways to reroll it before you run out of ips and agents to serve.
Indexability. Just getting your site fully indexed can be a challenge in some environments (flash, shock).

Referrer based cloaking is basing delivery on specific referral strings. It is good for content generation such as overriding frames (about.com, ask jeeves, and the google image cache).
Preventing unwanted Hotlinking to your graphics.

Session based cloaking. Sites that use session tracking (either from ip, or cookies) can do incredible things with content. We've all seen session cloaking in action on dynamic sites were custom content was generated for us.

The internet has just scratched the surface here.
Cloaking is the gate keeper that serves your site in it's best light, and protects your custom code from prying eyes.

Search engine cloaking is just one aspect of a much bigger picture. This is why search engines can't even consider banning cloaking. It is so widespread and pervasive, they'd have to delete 1/4th of the domains in their indexes - those would be the best sites they have listed.

Any time you hear a search engine talking about banning cloaking, listen to them very closely -- and remember. If they'd bold face lie about something so pervasive, what are they doing with the really important stuff? They can't be trusted - nor can those that are out here carrying their water.

With the assault of rogue spiders most sites are under, the growing trend of framing, agents that threaten your hrefs (smarttags), I think cloaking has a very bright future. The majority of the top 2000 sites on the net use some form of the above styles of cloaking (including ALL major search engines).


Doorway Pages:

Just like cloaking these pages are also specially created for search engines, the difference is, these are ‘gateway’ or ‘bridge’ pages. They are created to do well for particular phrases. They are programmed to be visible only by specific search engine spiders. They are also known as portal pages, jump pages, gateway pages and entry pages. Doorway pages are build specifically to draw search engine visitors to your web site. They are standalone pages designed only to act as doorways to your site. Doorway pages are a very bad idea for several reasons, though many SEO firms use them routinely.

Doorway pages have acquired something of a bad reputation due to the frequent use (and abuse) of doorways in spamming the search engines. The most flagrant abuses include mass production of machine-generated pages with only minor variations, sometimes using re-direction or cloaking so the visitor does not see the actual page requested. Doorways used in this manner add to the clutter that search engines and Web searchers must contend with.

The purpose behind building Doorway pages is just to trick search engines for higher rankings. So doorway pages is considered to be unethical SEO practice. The fact is that doorway pages don't do a very good job of generating traffic, even when they are done by "experts." Many users simply hit their back buttons when presented with a doorway page. Still, many SEO firms count those first visits and report them to their clients as successes. But these very few visitors go ahead and visit their product’s page.

There are various ways to deliver Doorway pages. Lets check them one by one.

Low Tech Delivery:

When webmasters create and submit a page targeted toward a particular phrase, it is called Low Tech Delivery. Here sometimes webmasters create pages for special search engines as well. But the problem is user doesn’t arrive at the desired page. And it is most likely that if any visitor lands on non-informative page, he won’t navigate any further.

In such a case ‘Meta Refresh Tag’ plays very vital role. It is an HTML tag which automatically refresh the page in defined time. The meta refresh tag they use here is of zero second delay. Therefore use most likely won’t be able to see the optimized content before being sent elsewhere. These META tags are also a red flag to search engines that something may be wrong with the page. Because jump pages manipulate results and clutter indexes with redundant text they are banned by search engines.

Now a days search engines doesn’t accept meta refresh tags. To get around that, some webmasters submit a page, then swap it on the server with the "real" page once a position has been achieved.

This is "code-swapping," which is also sometimes done to keep others from learning exactly how the page ranked well. It's also called "bait-and-switch." The downside is that a search engine may revisit at any time, and if it indexes the "real" page, the position may drop.


But there is another problem with these pages. As they are targeted to key phases, they could be very generic in nature. So the pages can be easily copied and used on other sites. And since they are copied the fear of banning is always there.

Agent Delivery:

The next step up is to deliver a doorway page that only the search engine sees. Each search engine reports an "agent" name, just as each browser reports a name. An agent is a browser, or any other piece of software that can approach web servers and browse their content. In example: Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape, Search Engine Spiders.

The advantage to agent name delivery is that you can send the search engine to a tailored page yet direct users to the actual content you want them to see. This eliminates the entire "bridge" problem altogether. It also has the added benefit of "cloaking" your code from prying eyes.

But still the problem is there. Someone can telnet to your web server and report their agent name as being from a particular search engine. Then they see exactly what you are delivering. Additionally, some search engines may not always report the exact same agent name, specifically to help keep people honest.

IP Delivery / Page Cloaking:

Time for one more step up. Instead of delivering by agent name, you can also deliver pages to the search engines by IP address, assuming you've compiled a list of them and maintain it. IP delivery is a technique to present different contents depending on the IP address of the client.

Everyone and everything that accesses a site reports an IP address, which is often resolved into a host name. For example, I might come into a site while connected to AOL, which in turn reports an IP of 199.204.222.123. The web server may resolve the IP address into an address: ww-tb03.proxy.aol.com, for example.

What is Search Engine Spam?

Search engine spamming is the unethical practice for optimizing the site to rank it high on SERP. Spamming is used to trick search engines for higher rankings with the use of some tactics such as repetitive keywords, hidden text and links etc. All the search engines penalize the website that uses spam. Since time immemorial --or at least since the Internet first began-- webmasters have been using these stratagems to dupe search engines into giving irrelevant pages high search engine placement.

Each search engine's objective is to produce the most relevant results to its visitors. Producing the most relevant results for any particular search query is the determining factor of being a popular search engine. Every search engine measures relevancy according to its own algorithm, thereby producing a different set of results. Search engine spam occurs if anybody tries to artificially influence a search engine's basis of calculating relevancy.

Each of the major search engines provide specific guidelines describing what webmasters should and should not do to their web pages in order to achieve a better search engine ranking, though that has not always been the case.

There are overall sixteen tactics that are considered search engine spam. These techniques are

*Keywords unrelated to site
*Redirects
*Keyword stuffing
*Mirror/duplicate content
*Tiny Text
*Doorway pages
*Link Farms
*Cloaking
*Keyword stacking
*Gibberish
*Hidden text
*Domain Spam
*Hidden links
*Mini/micro-sites
*Page Swapping (bait &switch)
*Typo spam and cyber squatting

Not to be confused with the canned, processed meat, spam is the use of redundant or unethical techniques to improve search engine placement. Fortunately or unfortunately --depending on your point of view-- search engines are quickly catching on. Some won't index pages believed to contain spam; others will still index, but will rank the pages lower, while others still will ban a site altogether. Of course, not all search engines take a hard-line on spam. Tricks that are perfectly acceptable on one search engine may be considered spam by another.

Spamming Techniques Overviews

Invisible Text: Hiding keywords by using the same color font and background is one of the oldest tricks in the spammers' book. These days, it's also one of the most easily detected by search engines.

Keyword Stuffing: Repeating keywords over and over again, usually at the bottom of the page (tailing) in tiny font or within meta tags or other hidden tags.
Unrelated Keywords: Never use popular keywords that do not apply to your site's content. You might be able to trick a few people searching for such words into clicking at your link, but they will quickly leave your site when they see you have no info on the topic they were originally searching for. If you have a site about Medical Science and your keywords include "Shahrukh Khan" and "Britney Spears", that would be considered unrelated keywords.

Hidden Tags: The use of keywords in hidden HTML tags like comment tags, style tags, http-equiv tags, hidden value tags, alt tags, font tags, author tags, option tags, noframes tags (on sites not using frames).

Duplicate Sites: Content duplication is considered to be search engine spamming also. Sometimes what people do is, they copy the content and name the site differently. But search engines can find it easily and they mark it as a spam. Don't duplicate a web page or doorway page, give them different names, and submit them all. Mirror pages are regarded as spam by all search engines and directories.


Link Farms: Link farm is a network of pages on one or more Web sites, heavily cross-linked with each other, with the sole intention of improving the search engine ranking of those pages and sites.

Many search engines consider the use of link farms or reciprocal link generators as spam. Several search engines are known to kick out sites that participate in any link exchange program that artificially boosts link popularity.

Links can be used to deliver both types of search engine spam, i.e. both content spam and meta spam.

Link content spam

When a link exists on a page A to page B only to affect the hub component of page A or the authority component of page B, that is an example of content spam on page A. Page B is not spamming at all. Page A should receive a spam penalty. Without further evidence, page B should not receive a penalty.

Link meta spam
When the anchor text or title text of a link either mis-describes the link target, or describes the link target using incoherent language, that is an example of link meta spam.

Reapetative Submitting: Each search engine has its own limits on how many pages can be submitted and how often. Do not submit the same page more than once a month to the same search engine and don't submit too many pages each day. Never submit doorways to directories. Decorum

Redirects: Do not list sites using URL redirects. These include welcome.to, i.am, go.to, and others. The complete site should be hosted on the same domain as the entry page. An exception may be made for sites that include a remotely hosted chat or message board as long as the bulk of the site is hosted on its own domain. Actually redirecting of page was not developed for spam, but it is becoming popular technique for spamming.

There are many means of redirecting from one Web page to another. Examples of redirection methods are HTTP 300 series redirect response codes, HTTP 400 series error vectors, META REFRESH tags and JavaScript redirects. As studied earlier these are used to move visitor from one page to another without giving them a single second. In this case the page made for search engine is a spam. Everything on it is an example of either content spam or meta spam.

Alt Text Spamming: Tiny text consists of placing keywords and phrases in the tiniest text imaginable all over your site. Most people can't see them, but spiders can. Alt text spamming is stuffing the alt text tags (for images) with unrelated keywords or phrases.

Doorway Pages: Doorways are pages optimized only for search engine spiders in order to attract more spiders, thus more users. Usually optimized for just one word or phrase and only meant for spiders, not users.

Content Spam: It is possible when different URLs delivers same content i.e. content duplication and same URL can deliver different content as well. Both HTML and HTTP supports it and hence spamming is possible. For example, IMG support and ALT text within HTML means that image-enabled visitors to a URL will see different content to those visitors that, for various reasons, cannot view images. Whether the ability to deliver spam results in the delivery of spam is largely a matter of knowledge and ethics.

Agent based Spam: Agent based delivery is certainly not spam. But it is spam when the use of agent based delivery to identify search engine robots by user agent and deliver unique content to those robots. Since the content is only created for search engines and it is not visible for users, it is always spam.

IP Spam: Identification of search engine robots by IP name or address and delivery of unique content to those robots is considered to be spamming. As in agent based spam, though this technique is also spam when you deliver unique content only to search engines and not the users or visitors.

No Content: If sites do not contain any unique and relevant content to offer visitors, search engines can consider this spam. On that note, illegal content, duplicate content and sites consisting of large affiliate links are also considered to be of low value to search engine relevancy.

Meta Spam: Meta data is data that describes a resource. Meta spam is data that mis-describes a resource or describes a resource incoherently in order to manipulate a search engine's relevancy calculations.

Think again about the ALT tag. Not only does it provide content for a HTML resource, it also provides a description of an image resource. In this description capacity, to mis-describe an image or to describe it incoherently is meta-spam. Perhaps the best examples of meta spam at present can be found in the section of HTML pages. Remember, though, it’s only spam if it is done purely for search engine relevancy gain.

Meta spam is more abstract than content spam. Rather than discuss it in abstract terms, we will take some examples from HTML and XML/RDF in order to illustrate meta spam and where it differs from and crosses with content spam.

Generally, anything within the section of an HTML document, or anything within the section that describes another resource, can be subverted to deliver meta spam.


To make sure that you are not spamming, you need to check out few things. The first and foremost is, you should know whether your content is really valuable for your customers and visitors or not. Any trick to attract more visitors is not going to help you for shorter period of time also. Try and make websites according to user’s tests and preferences. Always remember that, Internet users are information seekers and they want latest content all the time. So think and build a site as of there are no search engines. Avoid automated pages. Google and many other search engines do not index auto generated pages.

Inktomi does accept information pages into their free index and into their paid inclusion programs. For example, if a site contains PDF documents, and you create an information page in HTML with an abstract of each PDF document, that HTML page is acceptable to Inktomi.

How to report Search Engine Spam:

Since spamming practices are constantly evolving, it is important to know what the major search engines specifically say about spam and what practices are definitely not allowed if you would like to rank in top-tier search engines. Plus, every ethical SEO should know how to properly report any spam that they see so the search engines can correct their algorithm accordingly.
How Google Defines Spam

As part of their Webmaster Guidelines, Google outlines techniques to use to help Google locate, index and rank your website. They also specificially state that the following techniques may lead them to remove your site from the Google index:
Hidden text or hidden links.

Cloaking or sneaky redirects.
Automated queries to Google.
Pages loaded with irrelevant keywords.
Multiple pages, subdomains, or domains with substantially duplicate content.
"Doorway" pages created just for search engines, or other "cookie cutter" approaches such as affiliate programs with little or no original content.

However you should keep in mind that these aren't the only practices that Google disapproves of. Generally, Google doesn't like their results manipulated by deceptive practices. Their recommendation for webmasters is:

Webmasters who spend their energies upholding the spirit of the basic principles listed above will provide a much better user experience and subsequently enjoy better ranking than those who spend their time looking for loopholes they can exploit.

To combat common search engine spam practices employed by rogue SEOs, Google has also posted a list of practices that should raise a red flag when you are looking for a search engine optimizer. According to Google, feel free to walk away from an SEO who:

owns shadow domains
puts links to their other clients on doorway pages
offers to sell keywords in the address bar
doesn't distinguish between actual search results and ads that appear in search results
guarantees ranking, but only on obscure, long keyword phrases you would get anyway
operates with multiple aliases or falsified WHOIS info
gets traffic from "fake" search engines, spyware, or scumware
has had domains removed from Google's index or is not itself listed in Google
How to Report Spam to Google

Google has a form that allows you to report spam to Google or you can e-mail Google at spamreport@google.com. Note that Google rarely manually removes websites from the engine. Instead, it tweaks the search engine algorithm and spam detection software to try and eliminate the spam technique that is clogging up the engines.

How Yahoo! Defines Spam
NOTE: Altavista, All the Web and Inktomi are all owned by Yahoo!, so the Yahoo! spam policies and webmaster guidelines also apply to these search engines.

According to Yahoo!, search engine spam is webpages “that are considered unwanted and appear in search results with the intent to deceive or attract clicks, with little regard for relevance or overall quality of the user experience.” Officially, Yahoo! does not want to index sites with:

Text that is hidden from the user
Misuse of competitor names/products
Pages that have substantially the same content as other pages
Multiple sites offering the same content
Pages in great quantity, which are automatically generated or of little value
Pages dedicated to redirecting the user to another page
Pages that give the search engine different content than what the end-user sees
Pages built primarily for search engines
Pages that use excessive pop-ups, interfering with user navigation
Pages that use methods to artificially inflate search engine ranking
Sites with numerous, unnecessary virtual hostnames
Excessive cross-linking with sites to inflate a site's apparent popularity
Pages that harm the accuracy, diversity, or relevance of search results
Pages that seem deceptive, fraudulent, or provide a poor user experience
How to Report Spam to Yahoo!

If you find a site that is spamming in Yahoo!, you can report the spam through a form on their website.

NOTE: In addition to reporting spam, you can also report copyright violations to Yahoo!. To request that they remove any content published in violation of copyright protection, e-mail them at copyright@yahoo-inc.com.

How Teoma / Ask Jeeves Defines Spam
One of the most definitive sources of the Teoma / Ask Jeeves spam policy is on their Site Submission Terms page. Among the techniques that will keep you from being ranked are:
Having deceptive text
Having duplicate content
Having metadata that does not accurately describe the content of a web page
Including off-topic or excessive keywords
Fabricating pages to lead users to other web pages
Showing different content than the spidered pages to users
Using intentionally misleading links
Using self linking referencing patterns
Misusing affiliate or referral programs

How to Report Spam to Teoma / Ask Jeeves
To report search engine spam to Ask Jeeves or Teoma, e-mail them at jeeves@askjeeves.com
How MSN Defines Spam
MSN Search has recently added content guidelines to their website, explicitly stating that the MSNBot will see the following techniques as search engine spam:
Stuffing pages with irrelevant keywords in order to increase a page’s keyword density, including ALT tag stuffing.
Using hidden text or links.
Using techniques such as creating link farms to artificially increase the number of links to your page.

Also, in an e–mail announcing the second preview release of the new MSN search, Microsoft mentioned cloaking and having duplicate content on multiple domains as things that will lead your site to being penalized or removed from the MSN Search index.
How to Report Spam to MSN
To report search engine spam to MSN, use the form on their website.
Have you seen any search engine spam lately? Instead of submitting spam reports to each engine, you can also simply submit a spam report through SEOToolSetTM.

Even those who are spamming right now and think they are getting away with it, should keep one thing in mind, when competitors check out your site (and they do), they will see it is spam and they may choose to report you. Once you have been reported to a search engine, you are likely to be penalized in search engine results for using your spam technique.

Advanced SEO For Frames Site

HTML frames allow authors to present documents in multiple views, which may be independent windows or subwindows. Multiple views offer designers a way to keep certain information visible, while other views are scrolled or replaced. For example, within the same window, one frame might display a static banner, a second a navigation menu, and a third the main document that can be scrolled through or replaced by navigating in the second frame.


The layout of frame could be like bellow:

A framed page like the example shown is actually made up of 4 separate pages, a frameset page and three content pages. The frameset page tells the browser how big each frame should be, where they should be placed and what pages should be loaded into frame. If the browser or search engine can't display frames or is configured not to, it will render the contents of the NOFRAMES element.

The homepage or index page of a framed site is the document which contains the frameset and as you can see from the HTML above there is very little in the way of content for the search engines to read and index. What is needed is for more information to be added to the NOFRAMES element.

The best way of achieving this is to add a complete web page within the NOFRAMES tag including appropriate keyword rich headings and text. A navigation menu should also be included to provide links to all internal areas of your website. This will allow the search engines to index all areas of your website and improve accessibility for those using a browser or alternate device that does not support frames or has frames support disabled.

Placing nothing but a long list of keywords will not help your search engine position and may even be harmful.

Every web page has a unique makeup and location, which is easily definable, except frames. Frames are multiple pages listing on the same page, and why they can make site navigation simple, they do not show the pages current address. If you have an interesting article deep within your site using frames makes it hard for me to link to it. If you force me to link to your home page then I am probably not going to link to you.

You can get around frames by having a site map from the home page that links to all the framed pages, but even if these pages list high they will probably lack good navigation since the framework that contained it is not located with it in the search results.

There is an HTML tag called the NOFRAMES tag, which, when used properly, gives the search engine spiders the information they need to index your page correctly. I believe it was designed to give frames-incapable browsers — early versions of browsers that cannot read or interpret the FRAMESET tags — the ability to "see" the information on a framed site.

Unfortunately, too many sites that utilize this NOFRAMES tag put the following words into it: "You are using a browser that does not support frames. Update your browser now to view this page." It might as well say, "We are putting the kiss of death on our Web site and have no interest in being found in the search engines for relevant keywords regarding our site! Thanks for not visiting our site because you couldn't find it!"

What happens when you do the above is that the engines will read your TITLE and META tags (if you even included them) and the above information that the browser is frames-incapable, and that is what they will index for your site.

Try a search at AltaVista for the following: "does not support frames" and guess what? 260,882 pages are found! Nearly all of them are framed sites that used those words in their NOFRAMES tag. I bet that the circular-saw maker whose site is ranked number 1 for those keywords doesn't have a clue that he has put the kiss of death on his Web site! I also bet his site is nowhere to be found under the keyword "circular saws." (It isn't.)

If you want to have a framed site for whatever reason, then for goodness' sake, use your NOFRAMES tag properly! The proper usage of this tag is to take the complete HTML code from your inner page and copy it into the NOFRAMES tag.

The above information takes care of your front page. However, there are other issues having to do with getting the rest of your pages indexed properly when you use a framed site.
Most Web designers use frames for ease of navigation. That is, they have a left-hand frame with a static navigational bar or buttons that never change. When someone clicks on a button on the left, the frame to the right brings up the new page accordingly. Because of this type of design, there are usually no navigational links on any of the inner, framed pages.
Why is this bad? It's bad because you could (and should) optimize these inner pages to rank high in the search engines. But if you do, and someone searching in the engines finds them, they will be what I call orphaned pages.

I'm sure you've come across these at one time or another in your searches: a page that has a bit of information about what you were searching for but offers no way to get to the rest of the site!
Savvy Internet users might look at the URL and try finding the root directory, but most users don't have a clue about doing that. It's too bad for the site owner, who just lost some potential eyeballs — or worse, a potential customer.
If you use a framed design, it is absolutely imperative to place navigational links on all your inner pages. At the very least, include a button that links back to your home page. However, I would recommend that you have links to all your major category pages, as this will help the search engine spiders visit all the pages, index them all, and rank them high!

SEO Reporting V/S Conversion

Search engine optimization is a process to rank your web site higher on the search engine result pages. This requires researching search engine algorithms and discovering ways to conquer those without fooling search engines. It is the process of creating a site on the parameters of search engines and not using techniques like spamming, cloaking and redirecting etc.

It has been found that, 80% of your traffic comes from search engines. But search engines returns with millions results for a single query. Searchers do not search beyond 2-3 pages. Hence it is very important to position your company in first 2 pages for the important keywords. Search engine optimization is a very cost effective way to attract maximum traffic to your site.

Search engine optimization is part of Online Marketing. And any marketing activity needs investment. But in online world, since it is still growing, there is lot of curiosity among marketers about how to track or measure the performance of the activity.

SEO campaigns offer an advantage over traditional internet advertising methods, such as email campaigns, banner advertising or pay-per-click services. Search Engines marketing offers a unique promotional advantage when it comes to overall return on investment.

A well optimized page typically can deliver thousands of targeted visitors to your website every month. Unlike purchasing mailing lists or other expensive website marketing methods for higher search engine rankings, SEO allows you to deliver long term success and a better ROI.

Most of the time the state of confusion occurs because the success of the campaign is not clearly defined. Marketer must know what they want to achieve. At the end of the campaign you should know that the performance would be measured on the number of visitors or the total number of conversion i.e. the actual sales made on your web site.

First thing to be kept in mind is that ranking is not the only parameter to measure the success of the campaign. The success of the campaign needs to be measure on rankings, percentage of traffic from different search engines, traffic from different keywords all should be considered while tracking ROI of the campaign.

The major success of SEO campaign is ranking at the top of major search engines for popular keywords.

But since search engine algorithms are rapidly evolving no one can promise top rankings now. So the parameter for consideration is now the kind of traffic you are receiving from your keywords. Also it is more important that your keywords should not contain your company name. By measuring non-branded search traffic, we learn more about how your audience looks for you, and can further refine your campaign.

There are many search engines through which you attract traffic. But most of the visitors come through big search engines like Google, Yahoo, MSN and AOL. Therefore it is very important to know that which search engine is generating what kind of results. The more the traffic search engine is generating the more the ROI.

Action taken by a visitor is considered to be very important. Though they are not directly purchasing the product, they are definitely our potential customers. Their action include, completing a registration form, or downloading a file etc. Of course, conversion is the ultimate aim.

ROI calculation varies with the type of site. Let’s see how to calculate ROI for an e-commerce site.

Determining ROI for e-commerce site is very easy as the aim of e-commerce is make actual transactions or sell. Generally e-commerce sites trade variety of products. Hence calculate average price of the offerings. Then calculate the total sell web site is making before optimization. We can calculate it by multiplying average price and number of items sold in a month. Then after the search engine optimization calculate the number of items sold. Again multiply it with the average price and you will know the actual sales figure. After calculating the difference between sales pre optimization and post optimization, you can calculate the increase in sales. Now look at the money you have invested in a SEO campaign. If the sales figures can recover that money quickly then you are generating very good ROI else not.

E.g. Average price is 100 and pre optimization sales is 100 units per month, the total sales is 100 x 100=10,000 per month. Post SEO campaign, if sales goes up to 300 mark then you are earning 100 x 300=30,000 per month. So post SEO campaign you are able to increase sales by 20,000. And if you have invested 50,000 for SEO campaign then you can recover it within 2.5 months.

How to choose Better SEO consultant?

Many companies develop different websites for lead generation and corporate. Not far behind from e-commerce website with regards to the simplicity of ROI calculations are websites developed to generate leads. If the value of the generated lead is known then the ROI can be easily determined. If the lead value is not directly linked to a dollar value, a dollar value will need to be determined. Let’s assume a website generates 25 leads per month pre-optimization, and each lead is valued at 50. The website was generating 1,250 per month before the search engine optimization campaign launched. Now, the website increases its leads generated to 100 per month post-optimization launch. We can then see that the search engine optimization campaign is responsible for an additional 3,750 in leads per month. If the optimization campaign cost 25,000, we can then estimate the ROI to be seen within 7 months.

Now let’s see how we calculate ROI for the corporate or information sites. These are sites essentially created for information and not for generating leads or sale. Hence the conversion parameters for these sites have to be defined. Here we consider value of a customer not the money he is going to spend on our product/service.

Let’s assume the website had unique 2,500 visitor sessions per month before the search engine optimization campaign was launched, and the website was converting 4% of its users. Before the SEO campaign was launched, the website was converting 100 users per month. After the campaign is launched, the website experienced increased visitor sessions up to 15,000 per month, with conversion rates increasing to 6% as a result of more targeted visitors (a very conservative increase). We can then determine that the search engine optimization campaign is directly responsible for converting an additional 800 users per month.

If we were able to determine a dollar value for each converted user, we could easily determine the campaign ROI. Let’s assume that we have determined that each converted user is worth approximately $10. Using this as a base, we see that the website was generating $1,000 per month before optimization, and $9,000 post-optimization launch. The search engine optimization campaign is responsible for generating an additional $8,000 per month through converting website users. If the SEO campaign cost $25,000 for the year, we estimate that a ROI will be seen within 4 months.

There are many tracking tools available to track the performance of the campaign. If a site owner was determined to track all traffic and measure ROI, the solution would be quite costly. First of all, you’re looking at a high end web analytics program such as Hitbox Enterprise or Webtrends Live. These typically cost anywhere from a few thousand to several thousand dollars a month.

Keywords and Landing Pages:

Which keywords are directing the visitors to which pages? Try to figure out which pages are attracting more traffic and why. Include more content if it’s saturated and create different pages for different products and services. This will again attract targeted traffic. Then keyword research should be planned according to pages.

Whether the call to action was followed for conversion:

Marketer expects certain activities to be done by visitors on the web site. These can be downloading stuff, registration, writing views or asking more information about the product. As an SEO consultant we must know whether the visitors are performing that activity or not. If not then try to find out the reasons behind it. There might be wrong selection of keywords or content might be not up to the mark. If we can figure out what making consumers going away from the site, we can work on that.

Qualified Traffic:

Qualified traffic means targeted traffic. You must know the demographics and psychographics of the traffic you are getting for the client. The conversion rate will be high only if you attract qualified traffic. There are several ways to get qualified traffic such as more precise and targeted keywords, well defined keywords etc.

You must be able to find out which keywords are getting qualified visitors and which are getting general visitors. The more the qualified visitors it is more beneficial for your site.

Converted traffic:

Conversion in terms of sales is undoubtedly the final aim of a marketer. So you must track how many sales you are generating for the client. Even if you are getting huge traffic but no conversions then it’s no use to the client. So track the actual sales and find out the way they are making sales.

Calculate the percentage of traffic converting into actual sales. As an SEO consultant our aim must be to increase the conversion rate for our clients and help him hit the optimal ROI mark via his search engine marketing efforts. Create value for the customer in terms of traffic, leads or customers.

How to choose SEO consultant?

Search engine optimization consultant provides search engine optimization services to clients who own websites and would like to achieve a beneficial ranking in search engine. Search engine optimization services include many factors such as on page optimization, off page optimization, PPC campaigns, link building, site restructuring and lots more.

SEO consultant use different approaches and strategies to optimize the site. Different strategies need to be use for different search engines. But the ultimate aim of search engine consultant is to achieve higher rankings for the client’s web site.

You should know what the job liabilities of an SEO consultant are. SEO consultant’s job starts from website research. Then they research into keywords and finalize the list of certain keywords, which they think, can generate maximum and relevant traffic to the client’s site. Content building is another aspect of search engine optimizer. Client either provides the content or consultants write it and place keywords in the content. In any case placement of right keyword with right density is a job of SEO consultant. Also making changes in the site’s HTML coding is very important for an SEO consultant. These changes are done in mea tags, anchor tags, meta keyword and description tags etc. Site submission to directories and search engines is another job of SEO. The theme specific sites and search engines needs to be researched. Submitting the site to specific as well popular search engines is very important. And then finally tracking the performance of the site is also a job of SEO consultant.
Choosing the right Search Engine Optimization consultant can decide the success or failure of your online marketing activity. The results of this activity determine who actually finds your site, and in what context.

The ethical SEO consultants are always preferable. And those with proven track record have an added advantage because they have results to show and prove them right. But it is not necessary that if they have succeeded in the past, they will produce same kind of results for your site. The industry is so volatile that no one can guarantee you the success. So, you must weed out the sharks and unethical consultants from the reputable ones.

While a lot of companies/individuals offer SEO as a service, very few people understand what's really involved (and the position of search engine engineer requires no set credentials), so it's very hard to choose the right contractor. There are also many businesses or organizations that cannot afford the professional level of service and guidance they require.

The first thing to consider is the importance of hiring an ethical SEO specialist. SEO ethics is not just about being nice little boy scouts. An ethical SEO specialist will make sure your website is not penalized or even banned from the search engines.
Beware of guarantees promising top rankings. A reputable freelance SEO specialist or SEO firm will not provide a guarantee, because too much is out of his control. Nobody knows the search engine algorithms. SEO is simply an educated guess based on what's worked in the past for others. A lawyer cannot guarantee you will win your case. The star witness could die or leave town, the judge might be in a really bad mood, and the other lawyer might be a whiz. Some so-called consultants may get you a top placement in the short term, but ultimately get your site banned forever.
Find out exactly what on-page and off-page SEO strategies they use. Lookout for search engine spam, steer clear of anyone using these tactics.
Ask around on popular SEO forums if the person is known. See if they contribute to the community through posts, newsletters, etc. It shouldn't take much time at all to see who's real and who's a scam artist.
To make sure you are hiring an ethical SEO specialist, always check that he has a physical address posted on his website. Do ask that instead of paying for a guaranteed ranking, you can pay some up front and the rest when you achieve the rankings. Most reputable SEO specialists will ask for only 1/3 to ½ of the payment up front. Some will bill in arrears. This is a fair strategy. SEO is a risk so it's fair to pay some non-refundable money up-front just for the labor. That is a sign that he is less likely to disappear.

It is important to ask an SEO specialist about his methods before hiring him. Combine quality content and a performance based agreement with a solid, reputable SEO company and you'll probably get the results you're looking for. Using dirty tricks, called “black hat SEO”, your website will rank high initially, but after some time it is more likely banned by the search engine.

Another scam is to guarantee placement within a short period of time, and to buy pay-per-click ad space. Pay-per-click ads appear as “sponsored” listings in the search engines. While they will attract some targeted traffic, only 40% of Internet searchers click on the sponsored listings. Worse, they are temporary listings that end when the account is depleted.

A similar scam some SEO specialists do is to place temporary links on their own sites or buy paid advertising links on other sites. Once the money is paid, they remove the links on their own sites, and once the ads expire on other sites, your site loses those links and rankings also fall.

SEO Expert Profile

Current Company: Mosaic ITES Service Pvt. Ltd.
Role: SEO Expert

Previous Company: Royal Overseas Pvt. Ltd.

Experience Summary: Around 2 Years experience in this SEO field, I have good knowledge about Link Exchange,Local Marketing SEO also well trained in affiliate marketing & all the SEO activities.

Address: Faridabad, Haryana-121009

Contact: abhimanyu.pdr@gmail.com


Objective: To pursue a professional career in a competitive and progressive environment, where I can utilize my skills in the field of SEO/ SEM.

Introduction: My self Abhimanyuy from , having wide experience in Search Engine Optimization (SEO), Online Affiliate Marketing, and Local Marketing techniques. I love to enjoy every moment of life good or bad. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and Internet Marketing qualified Professional having an overall experience of more than 2 years working in different field. I want to make lot of friends for sharing info about anything. If you want to share any type of info or want any help in building your blog, please mail me at abhimanyu.pdr@gmail.com

Professional Experience

List of Duties:

• SEO (Search Engine Optimization) Strategies

• On Page Optimization

• Off Page Activities

• Site Analysis

• Competition Analysis

• Social Media Optimization (SMO)

• Keyword Research (density, relevance, weight, etc.)

• Local Marketing

• Affiliate Marketing

Search Engine Optimization: Search Engine Optimization [SEO] around 2 year of successful experience with interpreting the algorithms of Search Engines/Directories with extremely high rates of placement for specific targeted keyword phrases. Developed META-DATA collection and analysis applications for Targeted & Lateral Marketing Campaigns. Extensive Knowledge of SEO criteria and developing trends.

Search Engine Optimization: Evaluated and tested existing site infrastructure; Keyword Market Research on targeted markets searching habits. Database existing data from server logs and created statistical analysis to project future behaviors. Re-designed existing by incorporating programming standards [XHTML, CSS, Section 508], utilizing layers (div) vs. tables, and 'honest' Search Engine Optimization practices to produce a 'state of the art' web site for Search Engine traffic. Developed a revolutionary web application for dynamically generated ecommerce pages that met the above criteria utilizing new ASP.NET features in a manner that have not been used before; this application when released, should revolutionize the Search Engine Optimization Industry.

Search Engine Marketing: Successfully created and managed Internet marketing campaigns that included Advertising, e-mail campaigns, banner ads, e-commerce sales events, and various promotional strategies.

Search Engine Optimization: Keyword Market Research on targeted markets searching habits. Created competition site analysis reports, ranking reports, analyzed existing data from server logs and created statistical analysis to project current search engine traffic patterns. Used ethical "white-hat" Search Engine Optimization techniques to produce solid high rankings for numerous keywords in Google, Yahoo, MSN & other search engines.